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Wayne Lyman Morse (October 20, 1900July 22, 1974) was an American politician and attorney from Oregon, known for his proclivity for opposing his parties' leadership, and specifically for his opposition to the Vietnam War on constitutional grounds. Born in Madison, Wisconsin, and educated at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Minnesota Law School, Morse moved to Oregon in 1930 and began teaching at the University of Oregon School of Law. During World War II, he was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican; he became an Independent after Dwight D. Eisenhower's election to the presidency in 1952. While an independent, he set a record for performing the second longest one-person filibuster in the history of the Senate. Morse joined the Democratic Party in 1955, and was reelected twice while a member of that party. Morse made a brief run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination in 1960. A few years later in 1964, Morse was one of only two senators who opposed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized the president to take military action in Vietnam without a declaration of war. He continued to speak out against the war in the ensuing years, and lost his 1968 bid for reelection to Bob Packwood, who criticized his strong opposition to the war. Morse made two more bids for reelection to the Senate before his death in 1974. == Life before politics == Morse was born on October 20, 1900, in the Madison, Wisconsin, home of his maternal grandparents, Myron and Flora White. Morse's parents, Wilbur F. Morse and Jessie Elnora Morse, farmed a plot near Verona, a small community west-southwest of Madison. Morse grew up on this farm, where the family raised Devon cattle for beef, Percheron and Hackney horses, dairy cows, hogs, sheep, poultry, and feed crops for the animals. The family eventually included five children: Mabel, seven years older than Morse; twin brothers Harry and Grant, four years older; Morse; and Caryl, fourteen years younger.〔Drukman, "Chapter 1: Progressive Beginnings", ''Wayne Morse: A Political Biography'', pp. 11–34〕 Encouraged by Jessie, the Morse family held relatively formal nightly discussions about crops, animals, education, religion, and most frequently about politics. Like many of their neighbors, the family was Progressive and discussed ideas championed by Robert M. La Follette, Sr., a leader of the Progressive movement who served as Wisconsin's governor from 1900 to 1906 and thereafter as a member of the U.S. Senate. During these family discussions, Morse developed debating skills and strong opinions about political corruption, corporate domination, labor rights, women's suffrage, education, and, on a personal level, hard work and sobriety.〔 Morse and his siblings began their education in a one-room school near Verona. However, the Morse parents, particularly Jessie, shared the Progressive belief that improvement of self and society came through good education, and they admired the schools in Madison. After Morse finished second grade, his parents enrolled him in Longfellow School in Madison, to which Morse commuted round-trip daily by riding relay on three of the family's smaller horses. After eighth grade, Morse attended Madison High School, where he became class president and debating club president, and placed academically among the top 10 in his graduating class. In high school, he developed his relationship with Mildred "Midge" Downie, whom he had known since third grade, and who was class valedictorian and class vice-president the same year Morse was president.〔 Morse received his bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1923 and his master's, in speech, from the same college the next year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = United States Congress )〕 He married Downie in the same year.〔 He taught speech at the University of Minnesota Law School,〔 and earned a bachelor of laws degree there in 1928.〔 He held a reserve commission as second lieutenant, Field Artillery, U.S. Army, from 1923 to 1929,〔 and was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity )〕 Morse became an assistant professor of law at the University of Oregon School of Law in 1929.〔 Within nine months, he became an associate professor and then dean of the law school. At age 31, this made him the youngest dean of any law school accredited by the American Bar Association.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics ) 〕 He became full professor of law in 1931. He completed his doctorate in law at Columbia Law School in 1932.〔 He served on many public commissions over the following years, including a Roosevelt appointment to settle labor disputes that threatened to halt production of Navy ships during World War II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wayne Morse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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